National Counselor Exam (NCE)

What factor is predominantly focused on in the preconventional stage of moral development?

1. Social norms

2. Personal ethics

3. Consequences of actions

4. Legal principles

The correct answer is: Consequences of actions

In the preconventional stage of moral development, the predominant focus is on the consequences of actions. This stage, as proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, is characterized by a self-centered perspective where moral reasoning is based primarily on the direct outcomes of one's actions. Individuals at this stage assess whether an action is right or wrong based on whether it leads to reward or punishment, rather than considering societal norms or broader ethical principles. For example, a child might decide not to steal a cookie not because they understand stealing is wrong, but because they want to avoid being scolded. This clear connection between behavior and the resultant consequences exemplifies the reasoning in the preconventional stage, making it a fundamental aspect of moral development during early childhood. This emphasis on consequences is crucial for understanding how individuals begin to form their moral viewpoints and navigate ethical dilemmas at this stage of development.